Thursday, April 30, 2009

What Does the Market Think of BofA and Citi?

First, some data on BofA and Citibank:

Bank of America
Net Equity (as of end of March 2009) = $ 240 Billion
Market Capitalization (as of Apr 30, 2009) = $57.16 Billion

Citibank
Net Equity (as of end of March 2009) = $ 144 Billion
Market Capitalization (as of Apr 30, 2009) = $16.81 Billion

One explanation for these numbers, besides a cash flow problem,  is that the market believes that some of their underlying assets are incorrectly valued. 

Stressing over Stress Tests

What is the current state of the finance industry in this country?   The results of the bank "stress tests" for the top 19 banks (by asset value) are seen by many independent analysts to be unconvincing.  Last week, the Federal Reserve stated that the vast majority were sufficiently capitalized to withstand an even greater economic downturn than the one we are currently experiencing.  Yet, this week, Bank of America and Citibank (with almost $4 Trillion in assets, combined) were told to each raise over $70 Billion in capital.  High unemployment rates are not going away anytime soon and an economic recovery is not likely to be seen until the beginning of next year even under the rosiest of circumstances.  What will happen to BofA and Citi in the meantime?

John Browne, Sr. Strategist at EuroPacific Capital had this to say:

"First, the level of stress in the tests was set unrealistically low. Their absolute worst case assumption was for a GDP contraction of only 3.3 percent in 2009. This comes as first quarter 2009 GDP shrank at 6.1 percent. And the economy is still slowing. To post a contraction of just 3.3 percent for the year would likely involve an immediate reversal in the rate of contraction and outright expansion by the fourth quarter.

The stress test also assumes a worst case scenario unemployment rate of 8.9 percent in 2009. This is also wildly optimistic when unemployment is already at 8.7 percent and rising at some 20,000 each day. Worse still, if calculated on a pre-Clinton basis, to include all those unable to find anything but part-time employment, the current unemployment rate is a staggering 19.2 percent, or just 0.8 percent from official depression levels! It appears that the U.S. is fast slipping from recession into depression, rendering the stress tests almost meaningless other than as a public morale boosting exercise." 

More on this here.

Wednesday, April 29, 2009

DHOTUS (Debt Holders Of The United States)

Who are the top-ten holders of U.S. debt (in the form of U.S. Treasuries)?

1.  Federal Reserve and IntraGovernmental Holdings ($4.8 Trillion)
2.  Mutual Funds/ Money Market (769 Billion)
3.  China (740 Billion)
4.  Japan (635 Billion)
5.  State and Local Governments (523 Billion)
6.  Pension Funds (456 Billion)
7.  Other (individuals, trusts, brokers, etc)  (413 Billion)
8.  Oil Exporting Countries (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, etc.) (186 Billion)
9.  Off-shore Caribbean Banks (177 Billion)
10.  Brazil (134 Billion)
Foreign Governments in italics.
Numbers from CNBC.

The Top Ten hold $8.8 Trillion of an estimated $11.1 Trillion in total U.S. debt.  Notice that China and Japan combined only hold slightly more than 10% of U.S. Treasuries.  So...China has to worry about fluctuations in the U.S. dollar...and tries to exert influence to maintain its investment...but there are plenty of other countries and institutions begging to lend the U.S. money in their flight to an investment safe haven!


Tuesday, April 28, 2009

Staggering Sums of Money...Still More Needed



Clearly, the U.S. government on behalf of 'we the people' needs to spend money to get us out of this economic crisis.  Still, the amount of money is staggering....

Remember: the value of all the goods and services that we produced in this country (the Gross Domestic Product, GDP) in 2008 was about 14.2 Trillion Dollars.

The following table details how the Fed and the government have committed the money on behalf of American taxpayers over the past 20 months, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.



Click on Chart to increase Chart size.

Timothy Geithner and Wall Street

Up until his appointment and confirmation as U.S. Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithner served as President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank.  What is the role of the New York Fed, you may ask?


"The Federal Reserve was created after a banking crisis nearly a century ago to manage the money supply through interest-rate policy, oversee the safety and soundness of the banking system and act as lender of last resort in times of trouble. The Fed relies on its regional banks, like the New York Fed, to carry out its policies and monitor certain banks in their areas.

The regional reserve banks are unusual entities. They are private and their shares are owned by financial institutions the bank oversees. Their net income is paid to the Treasury.

At the New York Fed, top executives of global financial giants fill many seats on the board. In recent years, board members have included the chief executives of Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase, as well as top officials of Lehman Brothers and industrial companies like General Electric.

In theory, having financiers on the New York Fed’s board should help the president be Washington’s eyes and ears on Wall Street. But critics, including some current and former Federal Reserve officials, say the New York Fed is often more of a Wall Street mouthpiece than a cop."

This begs the question:  Could Geithner's associations with former and current Wall Street CEOs and top-officials cloud his judgement in his official work on behalf of Main Street?  Or even worse?  Perhaps, Obama could have chosen a Treasury Secretary who could have avoided even the appearance of impropriety.  Realistically, this may have been difficult....but usually, if there is a political will, there is a way.

Uptick Rule Short on Logic

The SEC is convinced that some version of the Uptick Rule should be reinstated in the equities markets.  The claim is that short-sellers can intentionally drive a company's stock price down and destroy an otherwise sound company.  This does not make sense.  If the fundamentals of a company are sound, then short-sellers pose no threat to its long-term viability.  On the other hand,  if a company is "cooking the books" and is trying to "fake it to make it," then the short-sellers pose a grave threat and rightly so!

Currently, the real problem, and one that is not being fully addressed, is the lack of transparency concerning the valuation of a company's assets.  With respect to the Wall Street investment banks, it is difficult to know which ones are even currently really solvent.  Short-sellers have been charged with driving investment bank share prices well below what they are really worth.  Really?  Some of these banks' stocks are worthless...and when they actually have to write-down the value of their "toxic assets" ...who are we going to blame?  The short-sellers? 

On the contrary, short-sellers play a vital role in the equities market, namely decreasing market volatility, as Sal Khan explains:



Monday, April 27, 2009

Running the Government Like a Business?

Mark Shields asks the question:  Do we really want the government run like a business?

Well, certainly not like the typical Wall-Street investment bank!

Great Time to Start a Bank?

Check out this article in the Wall Street Journal:  "It's a Great Time to Start A Bank."

It would be nice if new banks with clean balance sheets could qualify for TARP money (see April 21, 2009 post:  New American Bank Initiative).

Again, you can read the full plan here:  http://cift.haas.berkeley.edu/nabi-intro.html

Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)

Did you ever want to know about CDOs but were too afraid to ask?

Here is Sal Khan's tutorial (approx 10 min.):


L-shaped Recession

At a seminar he gave at the University of Cincinnati on Friday, Krugman answered the following question about the economic crisis:

What will it take to pull out of this crisis?

I'm in the camp that really worries about the L-shaped recession. We level off but we don't get the recovery. We hope it isn't, but it has all the markings of it. This looks like the kind of slump that has all the markings of where normal recovery forces are very, very weak.

It's hard to see where recovery comes from. Almost always the way a country recovers from a financial crisis is with an export boom. The problem is that we have a global crisis this time. So who are we going to export to, unless we find another planet to take our stuff?

See the rest of his conversation here.

Friday, April 24, 2009

Glut of Foreclosures

This from Mr. Mortgage at Field Check Group:

California:

Foreclosures About to Soar Near-Term — Easily Back to All-Time Highs

Are you ready to see the future? Ten’s of thousands of foreclosures are only 1-5 months away from hitting that will take total foreclosure counts back to all-time highs. This will flood an already beaten-bloody real estate market with even more supply just in time for the Spring/Summer home selling season - great timing!

Check out the facts and figures at: 

http://www.fieldcheckgroup.com/2009/04/07/4-7-ca-foreclosures-about-to-soar/


Future Economic Recovery: Not So Fast

The speed at which the economy has been declining has finally leveled off.  Still, the popular consensus is that we are still far from the start of a tangible economic recovery...but what will this recovery even look like?  

From the Economist:

The worst is over only in the narrowest sense that the pace of global decline has peaked. Thanks to massive—and unsustainable—fiscal and monetary transfusions, output will eventually stabilise. But in many ways, darker days lie ahead. Despite the scale of the slump, no conventional recovery is in sight. Growth, when it comes, will be too feeble to stop unemployment rising and idle capacity swelling. And for years most of the world’s economies will depend on their governments.

Consider what that means. Much of the rich world will see jobless rates that reach double-digits, and then stay there. Deflation—a devastating disease in debt-laden economies—could set in as record economic slack pushes down prices and wages, particularly since headline inflation has already plunged thanks to sinking fuel costs. Public debt will soar because of weak growth, prolonged stimulus spending and the growing costs of cleaning up the financial mess. The OECD’s member countries began the crisis with debt stocks, on average, at 75% of GDP; by 2010 they will reach 100%. One analysis suggests persistent weakness could push the biggest economies’ debt ratios to 140% by 2014. Continuing joblessness, years of weak investment and higher public-debt burdens, in turn, will dent economies’ underlying potential. Although there is no sign that the world economy will return to its trend rate of growth any time soon, it is already clear that this speed limit will be lower than before the crisis hit.

It looks like most of us will have to adapt to a new economic era, one reminiscent of Japan's lost decade.  


Tuesday, April 21, 2009

Foreclosures: A Prime Problem

Foreclosures are not just a sub-prime problem now.   Check out this report by Fannie and Freddie that came out today.

Empty Creditors

There is an interesting article in Slate.com by Daniel Gross on "The Scary Rise of the 'Empty Creditor'.  "

The take-home lesson here is that because of credit default swaps (insurance policies for lenders in case their customers can not make good on their loans) and other new-age financial instruments, creditors stand to lose a lot less if the distressed financial institutions to which they lent money go into bankruptcy.  Thus, creditors do not want to negotiate and will actually try to push debtors into bankruptcy.

But if you think about it...who is the insurer for a lot of this debt?  AIG.  The same company that received more than 150 Billion dollars in bailout money from the U.S. government.   So...really...the U.S. government has provided insurance for a lot of Wall Street financial institutions (ex. Goldman Sachs) to make risky investments. 

So...our tax money is going to helping AIG to make good on its insurance obligations so that it becomes even more difficult to extract ourselves from this economic mess.  The solution that makes sense to me is for the government to take control of all the distressed banks and unravel all of their convoluted relationships with one another.


Alternative to the Geithner Plan: New American Bank Initiative

Sal Khan offers one potential solution in which the currently insolvent zombie banks are cut out as middlemen in the flow of capital from the government to the private sector :  the New American Bank Initiative.  Briefly, Khan proposes to set up new banks (with clean balance sheets) with the 700 Billion dollars that the TARP program received.  Since the new banks do not have to worry about write-downs associated with bad loans and toxic asset-backed securities, these new banks can start lending immediately.  As an added benefit, each household would receive shares in the new banks...so at least the taxpayers would stand to get some direct benefit from their financing of the plan.

You can read the full plan here:  http://cift.haas.berkeley.edu/nabi-intro.html

Salman Khan's Online Education Model

The explanation as to why Timothy Geithner's plan to get the banks lending again will not work came from Salman Khan.  He has a cool model for educating the world!  The world needs more people like him.  Check out the Khan Academy online!

Salman Khan (Sal) founded the Khan Academy with the hope of using technology to foster new learning models. He is currently an investment professional in Palo Alto, CA and has held positions in venture capital, product management, and engineering.

Sal received his MBA from Harvard Business School. He also holds a Masters in electrical engineering and computer science, a BS in electrical engineering and computer science, and a BS in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Why the Geithner Plan (PPIP) Will Not Work.

Salman Khan has a good series on YouTube in which he explains why the Geithner plan will not be any better than Hank Paulson's plan to get banks lending again.  

Part I is below.  Here are the next videos:  Part II.  Part III.  Part IV.




Saturday, April 4, 2009

Professor Krugman

Check out Krugman's blog

Learning from Paul Krugman

I have been reading Paul Krugman's column in the New York times for over a year now.  I like his style of backing up his conclusions with evidence!  Lately, too much of the public discourse in regards to fixing the economy has been centered on conservative vs. liberal ideology.  While Krugman is a self-professed liberal, he uses history and economic principles to guide his opinion. Perhaps even better than his columns are his blogs where he shows charts and graphs to better illustrate his points.  I find it refreshing that he doesn't distort the facts to suit his own personal value system.  For example, in one of his blogs,  he responds to the erroneous belief by many people that a strong middle-class is required for the economic growth of a country.  Upon reflection, I think we can all cite examples of economically-successful countries controlled by aristocracies or dictators, where the middle-class is all but nonexistent.  For many of us, we value a large middle-class where people are free to pursue their dreams, but economically speaking, it is not required for economic growth.  

We should all be able to agree that both conservatives (not to be confused with the right-wing, hate-spewing wackos that we have been hearing from on television lately) and we liberals value a strong American middle-class,  but we just disagree on the practical aspects of how to achieve it and to maintain it.  This would be a good starting place for a national conversation on the matter.



What is the best method for stimulating the economy?